Generalities:

It is a long-term (chronic) bacterial infection that commonly affects the face and neck. Causes Actinomycosis is usually caused by a bacteria called Actinomyces israelii. This is a common organism, found in the nose and throat. It usually does not cause illness. Given the normal location of the bacteria in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most commonly affects the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not contagious. This means it does not spread to other people. Symptoms occur when bacteria enter facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. Common triggers include dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection can also affect certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD).